distance learning ph.d. humanities

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faculty and entering freshman with computers.  The most distinctive outcome of 
the plan is that, as of fall 1996, all faculty and entering freshmen received IBM 
laptop computers, and they receive an upgrade every two years.  Seniors keep the 
computers upon graduation.  Also, the entire campus has been completely wired 
for computing.


Hamilton, Kendra (2001, March).  Historically Black Colleges Strive to Bring Campus
Communities Up to Technological Speed:  But Are They Catching Up? Black Issues in
Higher Education, 18(2).

This article explores the digital divide at historically Black colleges and 
universities.  It also describes efforts to remedy the problem at various 
institutions, controversy over the existence of such a divide, and mobilization of 
regional and national organizations to address it.


Higher Education and National Affairs (2001, January).  National Survey Shows Female
Freshmen Lack Computer Confidence.  American Council on Education, 50(2).

The fall 2000 survey of freshmen students conducted by the Higher Education 
Research Institute at UCLAs Graduate School of Education and Information 
Studies, found that a record breaking 78.5 percent of freshmen use computers 
regularly during the year before attending college.  Yet, although women have 
almost pulled even with men in computer use77.5 percent of women and 79.5 
percent of men report frequent computer use in 2000a new survey question 
regarding computer skill levels reveals a much lower confidence level in female 
freshmen.

Hoffman, Donna L. and Thomas P. Novak (1998, April).  Bridging the Digital Divide: 
The Impact of Race on Computer Access and Internet Use, Science.

This article addresses the question of whether observed race differences in access 
and use of computers can be accounted for by differences in education and 
income.  Increased levels of household income correspond to increased likelihood 
of owning a home computer, regardless of race.  Increasing levels of education 
correspond to an increased likelihood of work computer access, regardless of
race.  When students are considered, race almost always makes a difference.


	

	
		
			
				
					
						




						
							
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