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computers, in addition to use at school and work.  Dramatic growth of computer 
ownership and use is revealed; in 1984, 7.9 percent of U.S. households reported 
that they owned a home computer, in contrast to 36.6 percent in 1997. 
Affordability is a serious hurdle for many households.  In 1997, fewer than 1 in 4 
households with family incomes below $35,000 owned a computer.  People of 
white and other races had much higher levels of ownership than Blacks or 
Hispanics.  With respect to Internet use, most of the differentials that exist in 
computer use are also present regarding the Internet.


Kramarae, Cheris (2001).  The Third Shift:  Women Learning Online.  American
Association of University Women Educational Foundation.







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This report examines the convergence of two major trends: the growth of 
technology and distance education in the college and university setting, and the 
demographic shift toward a predominantly female population of non-traditional- 
age college students.  It focuses on understanding why women pursue online 
education, what constraints they may face in doing so, and how they perceive 
online culture, social identity, and communications.  Several recommendations 
are provided for future research.  They include:  What access do students have to 
computers? What kind of equipment is available at home and at work, and when 
can it be used for online courses? And, how are computer time and work space 
allocated within households?


Lach, Jennifer (2000, June).  Crossing the Digital Divide, American Demographics,
22(6).

This paper discusses the study conducted by Cheskin Research on computer and 
Internet usage among Hispanic Americans in the United States.  Issues include 
growth of household computer penetration among Hispanics, demographics of 
Hispanics using the Internet, top Web sites used by Hispanics, and uses of the 
Internet for Hispanic Americans.

Lenhart, Amanda (2000, September).  Whos Not Online? Pew Internet & American 
Life Project.  Retrieved October 8, 2001 from the World Wide Web: 
http://www.pewinternet.org/

This


	

	
		
			
				
					
						




						
							
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